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Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 9th edition © Oxford University Press, 2015
Selected entries from Oxford Guide to British and American Culture © Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Artwork Acknowledgements:
Alamy Ltd.: (P Tuson/cyclist and bus), (V Abbey/gargoyle; B Boston/aqueduct; curved-light/ viaduct; D R Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./humpback bridge; graficart.net/portico; J Kase/cantilever bridge; H Sadura/geodesic dome), (P Evans/thatched cottage; Eye Candy Images 4/houseboat; M Frost/ Adams Picture Library /block of flats; KAKIMAGE/ apartment building; J Kase/terraced house; Philipus/ duplex; M Richardson/bungalow, mobile home), (D Hurst/ironing board; Image Farm Inc./bradawl), (D Hurst/electric toothbrush; stockpix/nail scissors), (D Amado/paring knife; D Hurst/measuring cups; J.F.T.L IMAGES/kitchen scissors), (I MacDonald/ steam; A Shalamov/stir-fry; Studio EYE/Photo Agency EYE/casserole; E Westmacott/boil), (J Helgason/ teddy bear; InspireStock Inc./Frisbee™; THINGX/slide), (W Heidasch/dominoes; Ilanphoto/PhotoStock- Israel/Chinese chequers; G Kollidas/backgammon; S May/sudoku; reppans/crossword; L Ryder/snakes and ladders), (C Hochachka/Design Pics Inc./caving; J Kase/ice skating; T Kraus/tenpin bowling; TongRo Image Stock/archery; J Warrington/scuba-diving), (Images-USA/photography; VStock/Tetra Images LLC/ model making; I Zhorov/embroidery), (M Keith/ hang-gliding; PHOVOIR/FCM Graphic/paragliding), (S Sloan/scooter), (i car/convertible, sports car; Luminis/estate car, hatchback, people carrier; I Montero/saloon), (P Brogden/light aircraft, E Clendennen/aerobatic display; Thierry GRUN-Aero/ biplane; A Scott/airship), (D R Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./liner; Dacorum Gold/container ship; C George/ canal boat; (Greece/hydrofoil); Images-USA/speedboat; J Kase/catamaran; I MacDonald/paddle steamer; R Naude/hovercraft; D Newham/ferry; I Patrick/lifeboat; A Stiop/cruiser; J Sullivan/sailing dinghy), (M Dalton/single-decker bus; J Kase/articulated lorry, lorry, minibus, tanker, transporter, van; E Nguyen/ school bus; Philipus/pickup; Pixoi Ltd./double-decker bus; A Schein/bus; A Stone/jeep), (M Anderson/ high-speed train, L Ashley/cab, A Bell/freight train, passenger train, I Blair/funicular, H Ibrahim/Photov. com/underground, J Kase/caravan, I MacDonald/ bulldozer, Photolink Ltd./cablecar, R Rayworth/steam train, M Richardson/tractor, RMT/cement mixer, Steppenwolf/tram, C Young/dumper truck), (P Hakimata/suit; S Lihodeev/dress), (T Large/baseball boots; T Payne/jelly shoe; P Springett/platform; Sugarstock Ltd/clutch bag; H Threlfall/wedge; E Westmacott/flats), (D Templeton/sou’wester), (I Genkin/notepad; T Yumada/glue stick), (A Buckin/flash drive; StockPhotosArt-Technology/mp3 player); Julian Baker & Janet Baker (JB Illustrations): basket, dreamcatcher, gazebo, oxbow, stile; city and countryside, mountains and coast, the environment, house, garden, packet, sachet; dashboard, aircraft, the body, the eye, the skeleton, the internal organs; Corbis Corporation: (R Kaestner/palace), (PictureNet/row house), (image100 /nail file; L Manning/ toothpaste), (L Manning/measuring spoons), (image100/ dice), (L Manning/soft toy), (BLOOMimage/jigsaw), (T Grill/painting; R Gross/ pottery, woodcarving), (M Karrass/basketball), (image100/butterfly; Floresco Productions/table tennis; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/ breaststroke, tennis), (Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/polo), (R Michael/gymnastics), (B Blankenburg/jet-skiing, windsurfing; DLILLC/ bungee jumping; D Madison/white-water rafting; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/ wakeboarding), (J Nazz/racing bike, unicycle), (B Blankenburg/glider), (A Levenson/excavator; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/camper); Corel: cloister, amphitheatre, castle, glasshouse, hut, lighthouse, log cabin, oil rig, pub, pyramid, skyscraper, stately home, warehouse, boxing, punt; M Dunn: chart; Getty Images, Inc.: lemon-squeezer; Hardlines: optical illusion; Hemera Technologies Inc.: accordion, ammonite, anchor, axe, axis, butterfly, globe, bellows, binoculars, bonsai, boomerang, clock, alarm clock, grandfather clock, watch, compass, cracker, fan, hinge, jug, key, flute, letter, mask, medal, megaphone, metronome, overall, padlock, penknife, roll, rope, shellfish, sledge, stick, sundial, sword, tassel, trunk, elephant, tree, weathercock; all A-Z photographs except clock, (clock, digital watch), edge (glass), trunk (packing trunk, swimming trunks); barn, tools (all except sprinkler, strimmer, bradawl, ironing board, mop, squeegee mop, toolbox), cups and glasses, cutlery (all except fish knife and fork, steak knife), comb, emery board, hairbrush, nail brush, nail clippers, shaver, sponge bag, toothbrush, tweezers, appliances (blenders, cafetière, electric whisk, food processor, teapot), kitchen utensils (all except basting brush, cake slice, fish slice, garlic press, lemon-squeezer, measuring cups, measuring jug, measuring spoons, paring knife, potato masher, ramekin, scissors, timer), musical instruments (castanets, cello, clarinet, congas, drum kit, flute, French horn, glockenspiel, harp, maracas, recorder, saxophone, steel drum, tambourine, triangle, trombone, viola, violin), (except sitar, upright piano), (glove puppet, pack of cards, suits), (D-lock, helmet, light, motorcycle, pump), clothes (all except dress, suit, crew neck, fasteners, nightwear, polo neck), accessories (all except baseball boots, clutch bag, flats, handbag, jelly shoe, platform, shoulder bag, wedge, charm bracelet, locket, sombrero, sou’wester), office (all except correction fluid, envelopes, glue stick, highlighter, notepad, Post-it™); K Hiscock: trees, plants, and flowers, the animal kingdom, fruit and vegetables, herbs, spices, nuts and cereals; Image Source Ltd.: (A Jones/town house), bake, barbecue, chop, wordsearch, in-line skating, snorkelling, (H Arden/press-up; rowing machine; R Lewine/barbell), squash, fencing, abseiling, parkour, (P Mastrovito/hot-air balloon); M Jones: matchstick figure; KJA- artists.com: ball-and-socket joint, ball bearing, barbed wire, bevelled, blade, block and tackle, bolt, chip, cogwheel, cord, dovetail joint, elk, knot, label, money, piston, plug, rabbit, ratchet, sprocket wheel, staircase; packaging (all except packet, punnet, sachet), fasteners; Oxford University Press: axis (graph), bar (barcode, music), concentric, convex, ideogram, musical notation, rebus, wavelength; J Shaw/Venn diagram; semi-detached house, steak knife, basting brush, fish slice, garlic press, potato masher, timer, (M Mason/rag doll), polo neck, charm bracelet, locket, correction fluid, drawing pins, highlighter, screen, screenshots, window; Photolibrary Group Ltd./Getty Images, Inc.: (Photodisc/castle) (Alanie/Life File/PhotoDisc/rotunda); R Chapple Stock/ Photolibrary RF/vaulted ceiling; FOTOG/Tetra Images LLC/suspension bridge; D Fox/Purestock/Superstock, Inc./colonnade; Ingram Publishing RF/Ingram Publishing Limited/arch; M Milbradt/Brand X Pictures/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./obelisk; S Nicolas/ICONOTEC/ dome), (M Fife/PhotoDisc/fort; Thinkstock Images/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./pagoda), (Comstock Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./strimmer; Tetra Images LLC/sprinkler), (Lynx/ICONOTEC/toolbox; Photolibrary RF/squeegee mop, Stockdisc/Stockbyte/mop, (R McVay/PhotoDisc/fish knife and fork), (J Atlas/Brand X Pictures/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./loofah, Stockbyte/sponge), V23 (T Northcut/PhotoDisc/measuring jug); Photolibrary RF/ramekin; Stockbyte/cake slice), (Glow Images RF/Glow Images Inc./fry; Jetta Productions/Dana Neely/Tetra Images LLC/ flambé), (J Baigrie/Digital Vision/grate); Ben Fink Photo Inc./Brand X Pictures/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./roll out; Fancy/Veer Incorporated/whip; Jetta Productions/Dana Neely/Tetra Images LLC/knead; J Silva/Digital Vision/slice), (C Squared Studios/ PhotoDisc bassoon, double bass, kettledrum, oboe, piccolo, trumpet, xylophone; Stockbyte/tuba), (C Squared Studios/PhotoDisc/sitar; Stockbyte/upright piano), (Buccina Studios/PhotoDisc/doll’s house; Comstock Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./building blocks; Dex Image/sandpit; G Doyle/Stockbyte/kite; O Drew/National Geographic/climbing frame; Dynamic Graphics/Creatas Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./playing cards; D Laurens/PhotoAlto/swing; PhotoDisc/trampoline; RubberBall Productions/skipping rope; Stockbyte/rocking horse), (Medioimages/noughts and crosses), (Digital Vision/bowls; Duomo TIPS RF/Tips Italia RF/skateboarding;P Lee Harvey/Cultura Limited/orienteering; PhotoLink/PhotoDisc/darts; PNC/Brand X Pictures/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./golf; Polka Dot Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./pool), (S Baccon/Digital Vision/sewing; BananaStock/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./gardening; J Henley/Blend Images, LLC/stamp collecting;JGI/Blend Images, LLC/ treadmill;dumb-bell, yoga; D Madison/Digital Vision/ jogging; S Mason/PhotoDisc/crochet; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/exercise bike; Photolibrary RF/ sit-up; Polka Dot Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./ knitting), (Duomo TIPS RF/Tips Italia RF/ice hockey; D Hammond/Design Pics Inc./baseball, rugby; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/soccer; PhotoLink/PhotoDisc/American football; A Somvanshi/ India Picture RF/cricket), (Glow Images RF/ Glowimages Inc./backstroke; Goodshoot/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./badminton; R Michael/crawl), (B Blankenburg/showjumping; E Calderoni/Score Royalty Free Images/Aflo Foto Agency Inc./hammer; M Colomb/Digital Vision/horse racing; CS Productions/ Brand X Pictures/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./javelin, pole vault; T Levine/zefa/discus; J Oliver/Digital Vision/ sprinting; PhotoLink/PhotoDisc/hurdling), (K Aoki/Score Royalty Free Images/Aflo Foto Agency Inc./ downhill skiing; Digital Vision/luge; D Madison/Digital Vision/bobsleigh, cross-country skiing; R McVay/ Digital Vision/cycling), (Brand X Pictures/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd/bodyboarding); Buzz Pictures/ Purestock/Superstock, Inc./surfing; Digital Vision/ skydiving; D Leniuk/Radius Images/Masterfile Corporation/kitesurfing; Thinkstock Images/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./snowboarding; K Weatherly/ PhotoDisc/waterskiing), (C Squared Studios/ PhotoDisc/bicycle, child’s bicycle, tandem, tricycle); Glow Images RF/Glowimages Inc./dirt bike; Moodboard/Mike Watson Images Limited/quad bike; K Weatherly/PhotoDisc/mountain bike), (Creatas Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./seaplane; L Mayer/ Creatas Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./ski-plane; Photolibrary RF/helicopter; StockTrek/Purestock/ Superstock, Inc./fighter; P Tom/ICONOTEC/ microlight), (CAMP/RelaXimages/rowing boat), (Creatas Images/Jupiter Images (UK) Ltd./canoe; Medioimages/PhotoDisc/yacht; L Riß/Westend61 GmbH/gondola; K Weatherly/PhotoDisc/kayak), (A Berg/Digital Vision/forklift truck; Thinkstock Images/ Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./breakdown truck), (Thinkstock Images/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./black cab), (M Andersen/RubberBall Productions/nightwear; T Northcut/PhotoDisc/crew neck), (Stockbyte/handbag, shoulder bag), (S Cole/PhotoDisc/sombrero), (C Squared Studios/PhotoDisc/envelope; Stockbyte/Post-it™), (Y Arcurs/Tetra Images LLC/laptop; Brand X Pictures/Jupiterimages (UK) Ltd./headset; G Doyle & C Griffin/Stockbyte/ router, webcam; Tetra Images LLC/PC); Press Association Images: (L Whyld/PA Archive/cycle path); Q2AMedia: angles, ankh, broken, cat’s cradle, circles, conic sections, corrugated, edge (frame, table), filter, frame, handle, hieroglyphics, key (all except flute), Möbius strip, parallelograms, peg, pipe, polygons, pushchair, rack, roundabout, scale, solids, triangles; P Schramm/Meiklejohn Illustration: bar (all except barcode, music), bow1, bow2, bridge, catapult, curved, froth, hook, neck, ring, shade, spring, squeeze; living room, dining room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, hairstyles, make-up, office, classroom, laboratory equipment; Shutterstock.com: I Akinshin/edge (glass), A Berenyi/ clock (digital watch), M Garcia Saavedra/trunk (packing trunk), sagir/trunk (swimming trunks), wormig/clock (clock); (M Fleming/Military Tattoo; K Guan Toh/salmon; P McKinnon/Highland dancers; Spumador/beach; Stewart Smith Photography/walker); (J Ivantsova/coffee maker; O Mark/microwave; WM_idea/toaster), (ra3rn/chess), (A Yahya/hockey), (discpicture/silk scarf), (d3images/smartphone, tablet); G White: helix